PPC censoring

Arguments

y

A vector of observations. See Details.

yrep

An S by N matrix of draws from the posterior (or prior) predictive distribution. The number of rows, S, is the size of the posterior (or prior) sample used to generate yrep. The number of columns, N is the number of predicted observations (length(y)). The columns of yrep should be in the same order as the data points in y for the plots to make sense. See the Details and Plot Descriptions sections for additional advice specific to particular plots.

...

Currently only used internally.

status_y

The status indicator for the observations from y. This must be a numeric vector of the same length as y with values in {0, 1} (0 = right censored, 1 = event).

left_truncation_y

Optional parameter that specifies left-truncation (delayed entry) times for the observations from y. This must be a numeric vector of the same length as y. If NULL (default), no left-truncation is assumed.

extrapolation_factor

A numeric value (>=1) that controls how far the plot is extended beyond the largest observed value in y. The default value is 1.2, which corresponds to 20 % extrapolation. Note that all posterior predictive draws may not be shown by default because of the controlled extrapolation. To display all posterior predictive draws, set extrapolation_factor = Inf.

size, alpha

Passed to the appropriate geom to control the appearance of the yrep distributions.

group

A grouping variable of the same length as y. Will be coerced to factor if not already a factor. Each value in group is interpreted as the group level pertaining to the corresponding observation.

Value

A ggplot object that can be further customized using the ggplot2 package.

Plot Descriptions

ppc_km_overlay()

Empirical CCDF estimates of each dataset (row) in yrep are overlaid, with the Kaplan-Meier estimate (Kaplan and Meier, 1958) for y itself on top (and in a darker shade). This is a PPC suitable for right-censored y. Note that the replicated data from yrep is assumed to be uncensored. Left truncation (delayed entry) times for y can be specified using left_truncation_y.

ppc_km_overlay_grouped()

The same as ppc_km_overlay(), but with separate facets by group.

References

Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A., and Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, London, third edition. (Ch. 6)

Kaplan, E. L. and Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 53(282), 457--481. doi:10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452.

See also

Examples

# \donttest{
color_scheme_set("brightblue")

# For illustrative purposes, (right-)censor values y > 110:
y <- example_y_data()
status_y <- as.numeric(y <= 110)
y <- pmin(y, 110)

# In reality, the replicated data (yrep) would be obtained from a
# model which takes the censoring of y properly into account. Here,
# for illustrative purposes, we simply use example_yrep_draws():
yrep <- example_yrep_draws()
dim(yrep)
#> [1] 500 434

# Overlay 25 curves
ppc_km_overlay(y, yrep[1:25, ], status_y = status_y)
#> Note: `extrapolation_factor` now defaults to 1.2 (20%).
#> To display all posterior predictive draws, set `extrapolation_factor = Inf`.


# With extrapolation_factor = 1 (no extrapolation)
ppc_km_overlay(y, yrep[1:25, ], status_y = status_y, extrapolation_factor = 1)


# With extrapolation_factor = Inf (show all posterior predictive draws)
ppc_km_overlay(y, yrep[1:25, ], status_y = status_y, extrapolation_factor = Inf)


# With separate facets by group:
group <- example_group_data()
ppc_km_overlay_grouped(y, yrep[1:25, ], group = group, status_y = status_y)
#> Note: `extrapolation_factor` now defaults to 1.2 (20%).
#> To display all posterior predictive draws, set `extrapolation_factor = Inf`.


# With left-truncation (delayed entry) times:
min_vals <- pmin(y, apply(yrep, 2, min))
left_truncation_y <- rep(0, length(y))
condition <- y > mean(y) / 2
left_truncation_y[condition] <- pmin(
  runif(sum(condition), min = 0.6, max = 0.99) * y[condition],
  min_vals[condition] - 0.001
)
ppc_km_overlay(y, yrep[1:25, ], status_y = status_y,
              left_truncation_y = left_truncation_y)
#> Note: `extrapolation_factor` now defaults to 1.2 (20%).
#> To display all posterior predictive draws, set `extrapolation_factor = Inf`.

# }