Stan_math_backend.Mangle
Mangle variables which are C++ reserved words into valid C++ identifiers.
This is done in Transform_Mir. When one of these names is emitted as a string, we use remove_prefix such that this mangling is opaque to the user - e.g., a cmdstan output file would still have a column called "public", even if internally we called this "_stan_public"
NB: the use of a leading _ is essential, because the lexer won't allow this in a user-created variable.